Researchers at the University of Oxford Wildlife Conservation Research Unit and Machine Learning Research Group have successfully used satellite cameras coupled with deep learning to count elephants in heterogeneous landscapes from space.
The automated system is believed to have taken conservationists an important step forward in monitoring the populations of endangered species.
WildCRU's Isla Duporge said that it was like finding a needle in a haystack by using this technology to count elephants, which are said to be comparable with the same accuracy to human detection capabilities.
From Science Fiction to Real Life
For the first time, scientists have successfully used the satellite Worldview 3 from Maxar technologies, which utilizes high-resolution imagery, and deep learning to capture African elephants moving through the forests ad grassland.
FIGURE 2: Example of elephant labels in a heterogenous area, Addo Elephant National Park, South Africa. Satellite image (c) 2020 Maxar Technologies Using veryâ€highâ€resolution satellite imagery and deep learning to detect and count African elephants in heterogeneous landscapes by Isla Duporge, et al
University of Bath computer scientist Dr. Olga Isupova created the algorithm that enabled the detection process. It was a collaboration with the University of Oxford in the UK and the University of Twente in the Netherlands.
According to Isupova, the new surveying technique captures vast areas of heterogeneous land in a matter of minutes, which can be an alternative way to count animals on the ground other than using human observers to individually count the animals from low-flying airplanes. The satellite can scan more than 5,000 km² of imagery every few minutes which prevents the risk of double counting.
But if necessary, the process can be repeated on the Earth's next revolution, or in other words, the next day.
The population of African elephants has seen a drastic decline in the past century with only 40,000-50,000 of them left in the wild. The technology could eliminate the risk of disturbing the animals and avoiding any humans to get hurt during data collection.
More importantly, it makes it easier to count the endangered species and animals in different countries as satellites orbit the Earth without any regard for border controls or conflict, according to Science Daily's report.
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Technology to Serve Conservation
As amazing as it sounds, the use of satellite imagery and deep learning to monitor African elephants is not the first study to successfully do so. Isupova said that this type of work has been done in the past on whales. Compared to counting in a blue ocean than counting in a heterogeneous landscape, Isupova said that the former is a lot less challenging.
According to Phys.org, the scientists believe that the technology will serve the conservation efforts to save endangered species, like the African mammals.
"We need to find new state-of-the-art systems to help researchers gather the data they need to save species under threat," said Dr. Isupova.
Elephants were chosen in this study because of their enormous size, therefore they are easy to spot. But elephants are not the only endangered species in the world. The researchers hope that they could soon use the same technology to detect smaller species from space.
The researchers published their study in Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation.
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