According to a report that proves some of the first concrete results about how SARS-CoV-2, which triggers COVID-19, is developing, a widespread mutation in the novel coronavirus that has allowed it to propagate rapidly across the world could also be made it more vulnerable to a vaccine.
Researchers at the Chapel Hill University of North Carolina and the University of Wisconsin-Madison in the United States noted that the latest coronavirus strain, named D614G, has arisen in Europe and has been the most prevalent strain in the world.
Their research, reported in the journal Science, reveals that the strain D614G replicates faster and is more transmissible than the virus that circulated at the height of the pandemic, originating in China.
BELO HORIZONTE, BRAZIL - MARCH 24: Bruno Cassaro de Andrade, a chemical engineering student, works with a test during the method of separating specific proteins to be applied in the production of vaccines on March 24, 2020, in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The Ministry of Health convened The Technological Vaccine Center of the Federal University of Minas Gerais laboratory to conduct research on the coronavirus (COVID-19) in order to diagnose, test and develop a vaccine. According to the Ministry of Health, as of Tuesday, March 24, Brazil has 1.891 confirmed cases of the coronavirus (COVID-19) and at least 34 recorded deceases.
A more vulnerable antibody
Although the D614G strain spreads further, it was not correlated with more serious illness in animal experiments. The strain is marginally more vulnerable to antibody-drug neutralization, the researchers said.
"The D614G virus outcompetes and outgrows the ancestral strain by about 10-fold and replicates extremely efficiently in primary nasal epithelial cells, which are a potentially important site for person-to-person transmission," said Ralph Baric, a professor at the UNC-Chapel Hill.
Baric added that SARS-CoV-2's evolution in human populations is hard to predict given that it's being an entirely new human pathogen. He said new variants are continually emerging, like the recently discovered mink SARS-CoV-2 cluster 5 variant in Denmark that also encodes D614G.
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Spike Protein's Potential
Researchers conclude that the coronavirus D614G strain dominates because it enhances the spike protein's potential to expand cells for the virus to join.
The D614G mutation allows a flap to pop open on the tip of one spike, enabling the virus to more easily invade cells while still providing a route to the weak heart of the virus, the researchers said.
Yoshihiro Kawaoka , a virologist at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, explained that the original spike protein had a 'D' at this position, and a G replaced it.
Several papers had already described that this mutation makes the protein more functional and more efficient at getting into cells, Kawaoka said.
With one flap open, it is simpler for antibodies to enter and disable the virus-like the ones in the vaccinations currently being tested-they stated.
Researchers conclude that the coronavirus D614G strain dominates because it enhances the spike protein's potential to expand cells for the virus to join.
The D614G mutation allows a flap to pop open on the tip of one spike, enabling the virus to more easily invade cells while still providing a route to the weak heart of the virus, the researchers said.
With one flap open, it is simpler for antibodies to enter and disable the virus-like the ones in the vaccinations currently being tested-they stated.
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