Nearly 1,000 cases of the deadly Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome (STSS), also known as "flesh-eating bacteria," have been recorded this year in Japan. This has put health officials on high alert.
The worrisome rise, the number of cases already surpassed last year's total, has caused many worries among doctors and the public.
(Photo: Unsplash/ National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases)
Rapid Spread and Severe Effects: What Causes The Disease?
As of June 2, 2024, Japan's National Institute of Infectious Diseases reported 977 cases of STSS, more than the 941 cases recorded last year.
Tokyo has been hit the hardest, with 145 cases reported in the year's first half. With a death rate of about 30%, the infection can kill you in 48 hours if you don't get it handled.
This infection is caused by group A Streptococcus (GAS) bacteria, which is also known to cause strep throat. When these bacteria get into deeper tissues and the bloodstream, they release poisons that make the body react quickly and badly.
Fever, chills, muscle pains, nausea, and vomiting are some of the first signs. These can quickly get worse and lead to low blood pressure, organ failure, and a fast heart rate.
People over the age of 50 are more likely to have serious problems or even die from STSS. Having a health problem like diabetes or cancer makes you even more vulnerable. Getting medical help immediately is very important for controlling the infection and avoiding death.
Causes, Prevention, and Treatment
It's still unclear what caused the rise in STSS cases in Japan. One idea Professor Ken Kikuchi from Tokyo Women's Medical University put forward is that immune systems that extended COVID-19 lockdowns have weakened, which may play a role. The pandemic may have increased the likelihood of infection for many individuals due to their reduced exposure to various pathogens.
To avoid the emergence of STSS, it is critical to follow stringent hygiene standards such as frequent handwashing and proper wound care. If you suspect you may be suffering from a disease, it is imperative to seek medical attention from a doctor promptly. STSS diagnosis typically involves blood tests to detect the presence of group A streptococcus bacteria and assess organ functionality.
The treatment of STSS includes supportive care to maintain the patient's stable and strong medications administered intravenously. The worst-case scenario is when surgical removal of the affected flesh is necessary. Quick treatment considerably increases the likelihood of recovery and reduces the possibility of significant problems or death.
STSS cases are increasing all around the world, not just in Japan. Infections with invasive group A streptococcus (iGAS) have increased in other countries, notably the United States and several European countries, when COVID-19 limits were relaxed. The World Health Organization (WHO) has closely monitored these developments, emphasizing the importance of raising awareness and adopting safeguards everywhere.
The increase in STSS cases in Japan demonstrates the need for increasing awareness, early diagnosis, and prompt treatment. Although the reason for the rise in incidence is unknown, maintaining excellent cleanliness and seeking medical attention as soon as an infection arises are crucial strategies for battling this deadly illness. Health authorities are still investigating potential causes and the best approaches to protect susceptible populations from this uncommon but potentially deadly illness.
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