Astronauts returning to Earth after months in space bring insights into how life in a near-zero gravity environment affects the human body.
Space may look serene, but it is tough on our bodies. NASA astronauts Matthew Dominick, Michael Barratt, Jeanette Epps and Russia's Alexander Grebenkin have returned from an extended mission on the International Space Station (ISS), where they experienced conditions that can weaken bones, muscles and even the heart.
How Astronauts Stay Healthy in Space
One of the biggest challenges astronauts face in space is "space sickness." Without Earth's usual gravitational pull, their inner ears struggle to keep balance, often resulting in nausea and dizziness. These symptoms can last a few days as the brain adjusts to low-gravity conditions.
After an extended time in space, some astronauts may even feel dizzy when they return to Earth — a phenomenon called "gravity sickness."
Astronauts also face muscle and bone loss due to the lack of gravity. On Earth, gravity naturally works our muscles as we walk, stand, and move. In space, however, less muscle effort is needed, which can cause the muscles and bones to weaken.
To combat this, astronauts on the ISS follow a strict exercise regimen, spending two hours each day on machines that help maintain their strength and bone density, JAXA said.
Radiation exposure is another risk for astronauts. Earth's atmosphere protects us from much of the sun's radiation, but in space, there is almost no atmosphere, exposing astronauts to higher levels of radiation.
Scientists are continually researching ways to protect astronauts, as prolonged radiation exposure can increase the risk of illnesses, including cancer.
Living in space also comes with psychological challenges. Astronauts experience stress from being in a small, enclosed space with limited contact with loved ones. To help, space agencies provide virtual communication with friends and family, plus a variety of international foods to make life aboard the ISS more comfortable.
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Astronauts Praise Teamwork Amidst Challenges of Latest Space Mission Delays
Returning astronauts from the latest mission described the teamwork required to face the unexpected, including delays caused by technical issues with the Boeing Starliner and weather-related setbacks like Hurricane Milton.
Despite these challenges, they praised the support they received from their teams on Earth, who constantly adapted to ensure a safe return, according to CBC.
As missions become longer and space exploration reaches farther, understanding these effects will be crucial for preparing astronauts for the rigors of space.
