Staff Reporter

Toddlers regulate behavior to avoid making adults angry

When kids say "the darnedest things," it's often in response to something they heard or saw. This sponge-like learning starts at birth, as infants begin to decipher the social world surrounding them long before they can speak.

Sleeping in dentures doubles the risk of pneumonia in the elderly

Alexandria, Va., USA - Poor oral health and hygiene are increasingly recognized as major risk factors for pneumonia among the elderly. To identify modifiable oral health-related risk factors, lead researcher Toshimitsu Iinuma, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Japan, and a team of researchers prospectively investigated associations between a constellation of oral health behaviors and incidences of pneumonia in the community-living of elders 85 years of age or older. This study, titled "Denture Wearing During Sleep Doubles the Risk of Pneumonia in Very Elderly," has been published by the International and American Associations for Dental Research (IADR/AADR in the OnlineFirst portion of the Journal of Dental Research (JDR).

New at-risk group identified for gastrointestinal stromal tumors

Researchers at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine have, for the first time, clearly defined the epidemiology of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), which occur primarily in the lining of the stomach and small intestine. One key finding: Patients of Asian descent, who have not previously been identified as an at-risk population, are 1.5 times more likely than other patient groups to be diagnosed with this type of tumor. Results of the study were published this week in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, a journal of the American Association for Cancer Research.

Supervisors' abuse, regardless of intent, can make employees behave poorly

So-called motivational abuse is seen as a violation and leads to behavioral backlash So-called motivational abuse is seen as a violation and leads to behavioral backlash Employees who are verbally abused by supervisors are more likely to "act out" at work, doing everything from taking a too-long lunch break to stealing, according to a new study led by a San Francisco State University organizational psychologist.

Large chain restaurants appear to be voluntarily reducing calories in their menu items

New selections, on average 12 percent lower in calories, could impact obesity epidemic New selections, on average 12 percent lower in calories, could impact obesity epidemic New research from the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health finds that large chain restaurants, whose core menu offerings are generally high in calories, fat and sodium, introduced newer food and beverage options that, on average, contain 60 fewer calories than their traditional menu selections in 2012 and 2013.

Study of identical twins reveals type 2 diabetes clues

By studying identical twins, researchers from Lund University in Sweden have identified mechanisms that could be behind the development of type 2 diabetes. This may explain cases where one identical twin develops type 2 diabetes while the other remains healthy.

The Skin Cancer Selfie

Melanoma is the fifth most common cancer type in the United States, and it's also the deadliest form of skin cancer, causing more than 75 percent of skin-cancer deaths. If caught early enough though, it is almost always curable. Now a camera, capable of taking snapshots of the entire human body and rendering high-resolution images of a patient's skin may help doctors spot cancer early and save lives.

How Rabies "Hijacks" Neurons to Attack the Brain

Groundbreaking TAU study tracks precise path of deadly virus to the central nervous system Groundbreaking TAU study tracks precise path of deadly virus to the central nervous system Rabies causes acute inflammation of the brain, producing psychosis and violent aggression.

Penn Medicine Study Finds Tongue Fat and Size May Predict Sleep Apnea in Obese Adults

Data Reveals Patients with Fatter Tongues Suffer More Severe Sleep Apnea Data Reveals Patients with Fatter Tongues Suffer More Severe Sleep Apnea Obesity is a risk factor for many health problems, but a new Penn Medicine study published this month in the journal Sleep suggests having a larger tongue with increased levels of fat may be a sign of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in obese adults.

High-sugar diet no problem for genetic mutants

Working with worms, scientists find a link between a genetic mutation and how diets are processed Working with worms, scientists find a link between a genetic mutation and how diets are processed Imagine being able to take a pill that lets you eat all of the ice cream, cookies, and cakes that you wanted - without gaining any weight.

Vesicles influence the function of nerve cells

Neurons react to the transmission activity of exosomes on three fundamental levels Neurons react to the transmission activity of exosomes on three fundamental levels Tiny vesicles containing protective substances which they transmit to nerve cells apparently play an important role in the functioning of neurons.

Is internet-based diabetes self-management education beneficial?

New Rochelle, NY, October 6, 2014—Self-management of diabetes, including medication, nutrition, and lifestyle strategies, is essential for optimal glycemic control and minimizing complications of the disease. Education to teach and improve self-management skills is critical for success and, when delivered via the Internet, can lead to better glycemic control and enhanced diabetes knowledge compared to usual care, according to a Review article in Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics (DTT), a peer-reviewed journal from Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers. The article is available free on the DTT website at http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/dia.2014.0155 until November 6, 2014.

Scientists discover pain receptor on T-cells

Researchers at University of California, San Diego School of Medicine have discovered that T-cells - a type of white blood cell that learns to recognize and attack microbial pathogens - are activated by a pain receptor.

'Unsung' cells double the benefits of a new osteoporosis drug

Added drug testing in mice shows role of preosteoclasts in maintaining bone health Added drug testing in mice shows role of preosteoclasts in maintaining bone health Experiments in mice with a bone disorder similar to that in women after menopause show that a scientifically overlooked group of cells are likely crucial to the process of bone loss caused by the disorder, according to Johns Hopkins researchers.

Scientists develop barcoding tool for stem cells

New technology that tracks the origin of blood cells challenges scientific dogma New technology that tracks the origin of blood cells challenges scientific dogma A 7-year-project to develop a barcoding and tracking system for tissue stem cells has revealed previously unrecognized features of normal blood production: New data from Harvard Stem Cell Institute scientists at Boston Children's Hospital suggests, surprisingly, that the billions of blood cells that we produce each day are made not by blood stem cells, but rather their less pluripotent descendants, called progenitor cells.

Discovery of a novel heart and gut disease

The genetic mutation involved would date back to 12th century Vikings The genetic mutation involved would date back to 12th century Vikings This news release is available in French and German.

'Programmable' antibiotic harnesses an enzyme to attack drug-resistant microbes

The multitude of microbes scientists have found populating the human body have good, bad and mostly mysterious implications for our health. But when something goes wrong, we defend ourselves with the undiscriminating brute force of traditional antibiotics, which wipe out everything at once, regardless of the consequences.

Attacking Type 2 Diabetes from a New Direction with Encouraging Results

Type 2 diabetes affects an estimated 28 million Americans according to the American Diabetes Association, but medications now available only treat symptoms, not the root cause of the disease. New research from Rutgers shows promising evidence that a modified form of a different drug, niclosamide - now used to eliminate intestinal parasites - may hold the key to battling the disease at its source.

A vicious cycle in osteoarthritis: Sleep disturbance-pain-depression-disability

New research confirms that sleep disturbances are linked to pain and depression, but not disability, among patients with osteoarthritis (OA). Study results published in Arthritis Care & Research, a journal of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR), found that poor sleep increases depression and disability, but does not worsen pain over time.
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