A brown dwarf is a substellar object which is sometimes called Substar. The mass of a brown dwarf is ranging from the mass of a gas giant planet (Jupiter) to a low mass star.
An ordinary star sustains energy from nuclear fusion which allows them to remain hot and bright for a long time. Due to small size, Brown dwarfs do not sustain nuclear fusion of ordinary hydrogen to helium in their cores. Therefore when a brown dwarf form it's slowly lowering temperature and also shrinks over time.
Basically, completion of the shrinking is taking a few hundred million years while cooling process is continuous. In this regard, Astronomer Jackie Faherty informed that the brown dwarfs show a variety of temperatures. This range varies from the temperature of stars to planets, depending on how old they are. Faherty is the co-author of this new discovery they shared their comprehensive study in Journal Cornell University library.
While observing a well-studied brown dwarf known as SIMP0136. This object is a planetary-like member of a 200-million-year-old group of stars called Carina-Near. This group consists of similar-aged stars and moving together through space. Astronomers are considered the region as a crucial for searching free-floating planetary like objects.
Free-floating planetary or rogue planet is a planetary-mass object that orbits the galaxy directly. They are not bounded by any gravitational field creates by any star. According to research lead Jonathan Gagné from Carnegie Institute of Science, these Free-floating planetary-mass objects are valuable. He emphasized that the objects are similar to a gas giant like Jupiter and much easier to study their atmospheres. From their study, they demonstrate that SIMP0136 have more planet-like properties than brown dwarf-like properties.
However, from the previous study, astronomers suggested SIMP0136 as a brown dwarf. Regarding this, researchers argued that the SIMP0136 have the short-lived burning of deuterium in core, similar to a planet-like property. Though, observing the free-floating worlds are still extremely hard because they can be located anywhere in the sky. Additionally, these free-floating objects are extremely hard to tell apart from brown dwarfs or very small stars.
