The age of doctors prescribing patients potent antibiotics while they wait for lab results could soon be over, with a new device returning results within minutes rather than days. The device was invented by a team at Penn State University and described in a paper published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on Monday.
Co-developed by Pak Kin Wong, a professor of biomedical engineering and mechanical engineering, the device uses microtechnology to trap single bacteria cells that can then be viewed under an electron microscope. The approach allows clinicians to determine in as little as 30 minutes whether bacteria are present and its susceptibility to drug treatment, as opposed to the three-to-five days such lab work, currently takes.
"We currently prescribe antibiotics even when there is no bacteria present," Wong told one news source. "That is over prescription. That is one of the things we tried to express. Can we quickly determine the existence of bacterial infection?"
The researchers' paper said that in addition to being able to detect whether bacteria are present, the device can begin to classify the type by determining whether the cells are spherical, rod-shaped, or spiral. "This device determines existence but not what type of bacteria it is," said Wong. "What we're working on is a complementary molecular approach such that we can ID the species." And after finding bacteria is present, the sample is exposed to antibiotics to determine whether the strain is resistant, in which case antibiotic intervention would prove ineffective.
"Urinary tract infections are the most common bacterial infections," said Wong. "However, over 75 percent of urine specimens sent to a clinical microbiology laboratory is negative. Rapidly ruling out or confirming the presence of bacteria at a clinically relevant concentration will dramatically enhance patient care."
He added that the team had applied for a provisional patent and could bring their device, which they hope to scale down in size so that it can be used in hospitals and doctors' offices, to market in roughly three years' time.
