Euclid, a space telescope named after the ancient Greek mathematician, focuses on studying the dark universe through two instruments: a near-infrared camera and a visible-light camera.
With the primary goal of investigating the enigmatic dark matter and dark energy, Euclid aims to uncover their nature, which is believed to constitute a significant portion of the universe's energy density. Moreover, the mission has the potential to challenge established theories, including Einstein's general relativity, by exploring alternative models of gravity.
Euclid Is Set To Launch on Saturday
According to Live Science, the European Space Agency's (ESA) Euclid is scheduled for launch on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket this Saturday, July 1, at 11:11 a.m. EDT (1511 GMT) from Cape Canaveral, Florida. Its primary objective is to delve into the secrets of these cosmic enigmas, dark matter, and dark energy.
Euclid will be heading for the second Lagrange point (L2), a stable location in space where the gravitational forces of the Earth and the Sun balance each other, as per MailOnline. From this vantage point, Euclid will have the capacity to observe cosmic events that occurred up to 10 billion years ago, providing a valuable glimpse into the past.
Scientists hope to address two pivotal questions: the fundamental physical laws that govern the Universe and the origins and composition of the Universe itself. The scientific community eagerly anticipates the insights that Euclid's data will offer in solving these fundamental puzzles.
Originally scheduled for launch in the previous year via a Russian Soyuz rocket, the launch plans had to be revised due to geopolitical events, particularly the invasion of Ukraine. In response, ESA struck a deal with Elon Musk's SpaceX to utilize their Falcon 9 rocket for Euclid's journey into space.
With a mission duration of six years, Euclid will employ the phenomenon of gravitational lensing, which occurs when matter acts as a magnifying lens, distorting and bending the light originating from galaxies and clusters situated behind it. This technique allows Euclid to capture high-quality images and gather valuable data.
Euclid's visual instrument, the Visible Instrument (VIS), possesses an impressively wide field of view. While maintaining image sharpness comparable to the renowned Hubble Space Telescope, the VIS can survey a significantly larger portion of the sky. This capability ensures that Euclid's observations will cover a substantial area, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the cosmos.
JWST To Help Euclid in Investigating Dark Matter and Dark Energy
Upon completing a month-long journey, Euclid will arrive at a distance of approximately 1 million miles (1.5 million kilometers) from Earth. Space.com reported that this strategic location will be shared with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), which possesses a powerful infrared sensor capable of peering into the universe as it existed a mere 100 million years after the Big Bang.
Euclid's mission will be augmented by JWST in the investigation of dark energy, a theoretical force proposed to explain the universe's accelerated expansion.
Euclid's remarkable capability allows it to observe areas of the sky that are 100 times wider than the NIRCam instrument on the JWST. For instance, Euclid will gather data from 40,000 sky fields, with each segment covering an expanse equivalent to two full moons and containing a substantial 10GB of data.
While Euclid focuses on broad observations, JWST will complement its efforts by conducting deeper investigations in smaller portions of the sky, as well as analyzing any outliers or peculiarities observed in the data collected by Euclid. Together, these telescopes will provide comprehensive insights into the mysteries of the cosmos.
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