Restless Arm Syndrome Explained: Prevalence, Causes, and Symptoms

Restless arm syndrome, a disturbance in the central nervous system, leads to abnormal sensations and movements in the arms. Patients often experience unusual sensations, jerky arm movements, an irresistible urge to move the arms, and disrupted sleep.

It is closely linked to the well-known "restless leg syndrome," which might be more accurately termed "restless limbs" as it can affect not only the legs but also other limb parts such as arms, shoulders, and elbows. This overview explores the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options, and long-term prognosis of restless arm syndrome.

Restless Arm Syndrome Explained: Prevalence, Causes, and Symptoms Unsplash/Sincerely Media

Causes and Potential Triggers of Restless Arm Syndrome

Restless arm syndrome often lacks a specific cause, with potential factors including:

Genetics- In over 50% of cases, there is a familial link, with the condition being autosomal dominant, implying a 50% likelihood of passing it on to offspring.
Dopamine Imbalance- Involuntary arm movements can result from decreased natural dopamine levels, and addressing dopaminergic levels may require the use of dopamine supplements.
Underlying Health Conditions- Associated with Parkinson's Disease, chronic kidney disease, vitamin B12 deficiency, and fibromyalgia.
Iron Deficiency Anemia- Low red blood cell levels result in decreased iron and dopamine levels.
Pregnancy- Approximately 40% of pregnant women experience symptoms, especially in the third trimester.

Aside from the abovementioned potential causes, some factors could also trigger restless arm and leg syndrome. Here are some of those triggers:

Medications: This category includes anti-depressants, antihistamines, antipsychotics, and calcium channel blockers.
Caffeine: Individuals frequently observe that the intake of caffeinated beverages like tea, coffee, or Coca-Cola intensifies or increases the frequency of their symptoms.
Lack of Exercise: A sedentary lifestyle and insufficient physical activity may contribute to restless arm syndrome, with reports indicating a higher prevalence in sedentary individuals compared to those leading active lifestyles.
Stress: Stress and anxiety can serve as triggers for episodes of restless arm syndrome.

Restless Arms Syndrome Symptoms

Restless arm syndrome is a spectrum disorder, with symptoms varying in severity and frequency among individuals. These symptoms include:

Involuntary arm movements and odd sensations like tingling or burning.
Worsening symptoms often occur in the evening and during sleep, leading to sleep disturbances.
Difficulty sitting still for extended periods and relief with movement are common experiences.
Many individuals with restless arm syndrome also encounter Periodic Limb Movement Disorder (PLMD), involving uncontrollable arm jerks or twitches during sleep.
The cycle of fatigue and disrupted sleep can exacerbate symptoms.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Restless Arm Syndrome

Diagnosing restless limb syndrome lacks a specific test, often requiring time and multiple tests to eliminate other conditions. The National Institute for Neurological Disorders & Stroke outlines criteria for diagnosis, emphasizing symptoms worsening at night, an overwhelming need to move limbs, sensory triggers by rest, and symptom relief with movement.

Iron level checks are recommended upon diagnosis. Treatment aims to alleviate symptoms, considering medications like dopaminergic agents, supplements if levels are low, and lifestyle adjustments such as regular sleep patterns, reduced intake of stimulants, exercise, and massages. While symptoms may worsen over time, they often fluctuate, necessitating ongoing monitoring and ruling out underlying conditions.