A 2023 study, the first of its kind in Europe and the second globally, reveals that so-called "eco-friendly" paper straws harbor persistent and potentially harmful synthetic chemicals known as poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS).
The analysis, conducted by Belgian researchers on 39 straw brands, identifies PFAS in the majority of straws tested, with paper and bamboo straws exhibiting higher prevalence, as detailed in the peer-reviewed journal Food Additives and Contaminants.
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Eco-Friendly Alternatives Conceal PFAS Threat
Today, a multitude of products incorporate PFAS, a group of 15,000 synthetic chemicals, with some potentially harmful at high concentrations to animal and human health. The lingering uncertainties about the health risks associated with forever chemicals in the environment prompt concerns, given their ability to accumulate in both the surroundings and animal bodies.
Researchers from the University of Antwerp in Belgium contend that certain eco-friendly alternatives to plastic, such as plant-based materials, may be subtly contributing to PFAS pollution. While reducing plastic usage can be beneficial, the effectiveness depends on the alternatives being free from PFAS.
To investigate this, the research team procured 39 straw brands made from paper, bamboo, glass, stainless steel, and plastic. These straws, sourced from various outlets, underwent two rounds of PFAS testing using high-resolution mass spectrometry. The analysis focused on detecting 29 specific PFAS.
The results revealed PFAS presence in almost all paper-based straws, with variable concentrations. Additionally, three plastic, two glass, and four bamboo straw brands also showed the existence of forever chemicals.
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), the most frequently detected PFAS among these, has been banned in most countries since 2020 due to its potential negative impacts on animal development and reproduction at certain concentrations.
Although small amounts of PFAS may not be inherently harmful, their accumulation can contribute to an increased chemical burden in the body, as highlighted by environmental scientist Thimo Groffen from the University of Antwerp.
Importantly, the study underscores the persistent pollutants even after straw use, with potential ramifications if the straws are recycled, contributing to chemical pollution in new products, or disposed of in landfills or incinerated, releasing chemicals into the environment.
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Stainless Steel Straw Is King
The origin of PFAS in drinking straws remains uncertain, whether intentionally added by manufacturers or resulting from contamination during production. Potential sources of contamination include the soil in which plant-based materials were cultivated and the water used in manufacturing
Although the study did not investigate the leaching of PFAS into liquids from the straws, the widespread presence of these chemicals in almost all brands of paper straws suggests their potential use as water-repellent coatings in certain cases.
Dr. Groffen underscores that finding PFAS in paper and bamboo straws challenges their perceived biodegradability. With stainless steel straws showing no presence of PFAS, consumers are advised to choose this type of straw or consider foregoing straws altogether.
The study emphasizes the ongoing challenges associated with PFAS and positions stainless steel straws as a preferable, sustainable option that can be reused and recycled without contributing to PFAS pollution.
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