The lungs are vital organs that bring oxygen into the body and remove carbon dioxide. In some cases, cancer or other health problems could lead the doctor to recommend removal of one of the lungs.
What is Pneumonectomy?
Pneumonectomy refers to the surgical removal of one of the two lungs. It is typically performed only for primary lung cancer, a condition where the tumor starts in the lung. It is rarely an option when cancer has spread into the lung from a primary site, like the breast or prostate. The most common type of lung cancer that requires pneumonectomy is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), although it can also be done for mesothelioma.
When cancer occurs in one of the major airways, called the main-stem bronchus, pneumonectomy may be the only option to remove the tumor cells. Trauma, like blunt force injury or something penetrating the lung, may also need this procedure. There is a high risk of mortality when a pneumonectomy is required for this reason.
Another reason to opt for pneumonectomy is the acquisition of inflammatory lung diseases like fungal lung infection, pulmonary tuberculosis, and bronchiectasis. Since there is a high risk of complications, this procedure is typically reserved for those who can tolerate such an aggressive treatment.
Pneumonectomy can be carried out with one of two approaches - a thoracotomy, where a large incision is made between two ribs to open the chest, or the less invasive video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS). After the procedure, the patient must stay at the hospital for a week or two so the healthcare provider can watch their breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.
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Can You Live With One Lung?
While having both lungs is ideal, living and functioning without one lung is still possible. However, extensive testing must be done before pneumonectomy to ensure that the remaining lung can maintain oxygenation for the body.
Once a person has recovered from pneumonectomy, they can live an everyday life with only one lung. They can still perform normal tasks without encountering any problems. The procedure does not seem to cause any issues for the remaining lung. Athletes who lose one lung may still undergo training and be able to continue their sport.
However, having only one lung might limit a person's physical abilities as the body adapts to this change differently. For instance, a person's lung capacity will be half what it was, so they may get breathless more quickly, especially when exercising. The remaining lung may also expand to occupy the space left by the missing one.
People who undergo pneumonectomy are also more likely to have heart problems, tiredness, pain, and some other health issues. If a person has a condition affecting the remaining lung, like chronic bronchitis and emphysema, they will likely find it harder to catch their breath than before. Over time, the body will learn to compensate for the loss of oxygen.
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