Mars Rover Curiosity Finds Answers to How Planet Became Uninhabitable

(Photo : NASA via Getty Images) In this handout image provided by NASA, the first high-resolution, color image to be sent back by the Hazard Cameras (Hazcams) on the underside of NASA’s Perseverance Mars rover after its landing in the area known as Jezero crater on February 18, 2021 on the planet Mars.

Recent findings from NASA's Curiosity rover reveal that Mars underwent a significant climate change, shifting from a wet environment that may have supported microbial life to an extreme landscape with harsh temperatures and atmospheric conditions.

This transformation raises important questions about Mars' history and its ability to sustain life. The discoveries made by Curiosity provide valuable insights into what extraterrestrial life might look like.

Leading the research is David Burtt, a scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. His team has been investigating Gale Crater, a massive basin measuring 96 miles across. This area is like a time capsule, preserving clues about Mars' climate history. The stratified rocks and sediments in the crater offer a glimpse into how the planet has changed over thousands of years.

Carbon-Rich Minerals Reveal Clues About Mars' Climate and Habitability

A key focus of the research is on carbonates, carbon-rich minerals that provide essential information about past climate conditions. Scientists are particularly interested in how these carbonates formed and what the environment was like when they were created.

Carbonates tell a fascinating story through the study of isotopes, which are variations of elements that differ in mass.

When water evaporates, lighter isotopes rise into the atmosphere, while heavier isotopes remain behind. Over time, these heavier isotopes settle into carbonates, providing a record of the planet's climate history.

The research outlines two potential scenarios for how carbonates formed in Gale Crater. One theory suggests that these minerals formed during cycles of wet and dry conditions. Imagine water filling the crater only to evaporate later, leaving behind deposits of minerals. This could indicate brief periods when conditions were suitable for life.

In contrast, another theory suggests that life on Mars would have faced severe challenges due to cold, salty environments. According to Dr. Jennifer Stern of NASA, "The phenomenon of wet-dry cycling suggests a shift between environments that are more conducive to life and those that are less so."

This implies that while some conditions may have been favorable for life, others would have been harsh and unwelcoming.