Most of us have experienced a feeling of extreme work stress; a feeling of just being burnout. A condition that has long been rooted in our cultural vocabulary, and it could soon be categorized in our medical records as well. Burnout has just recently become a legitimate medical diagnosis, according to the International Classification of Diseases, or the ICD-11, the World Health Organization's handbook that guides medical providers in diagnosing diseases.
Burnout now appears in the ICD-11's section on problems related to employment or unemployment. According to the handbook, doctors can diagnose someone with burnout if they meet the following symptoms: feelings of energy depletion or exhaustion; increased mental distance from one's job, or feelings of negativism or cynicism related to one's job; or reduced professional efficiency.
Before handing down a diagnosis, the document says doctors should first rule out adjustment disorder as well as anxiety and mood disorders. And the diagnosis is limited to work environments, and shouldn't be applied to other life situations.
Researchers have been studying burnout for decades. Burnout has long been an unclear cultural notion that has resisted attempts to create a specific consensus definition that scientists can all agree on. Psychologist Herbert Freudenberger is credited with inaugurating the formal study of the state of burnout with a scientific article published in 1974, according to a 2017 review of literature published in the journal SAGE Open.
The authors of that review, Linda and Torsten Heinemann, say that over the next four decades, hundreds of studies appeared on the subject. During that time, they noted burnout was not considered an actual mental disorder even though it is "one of the most widely discussed mental health problems in today's society."
One reason for that, the Heinemanns argue, is that much of the research on burnout focused on "causes and associated factors," rather than on attempts to develop specific diagnostic criteria. That led to "vagueness and ambiguity" around the concept of burnout.
In their review, they note that the question of whether researchers could differentiate between depression and burnout was also a major obstacle in elevating burnout to a disease.
