Following a three-year journey navigating the thin Martian atmosphere, NASA's self-sufficient Ingenuity helicopter has been permanently grounded. Initially an experiment, Ingenuity made history as the first aircraft to operate and soar on another celestial body, taking flight on April 19, 2021.
Unfortunately, during its latest excursion, the pioneering robot encountered rotor-blade damage, leading NASA to declare it incapable of further flight as of January 25.
In this NASA/JPL-Caltech handout image, NASA’s Ingenuity Mars Helicopter took this shot while hovering over the Martian surface on April 19, 2021, during the first instance of powered, controlled flight on another planet.
Ingenuity Helicopter Exceeding Expectations
Ingenuity, initially dispatched to Mars as a companion to the Perseverance rover, now rests upright on the Martian surface, maintaining communication with NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
Originally slated for five test flights within 30 days, the rotorcraft surpassed expectations, transitioning from an experimental role to a crucial aerial scout for Perseverance. It conducted its final flight on January 18, capturing images over scientifically significant areas to guide the mission team in selecting targets for detailed analysis.
Over the past few years, the rover and helicopter explored Jezero Crater, an ancient lake and river delta on Mars. Scientists anticipate that samples gathered by Perseverance, destined for return to Earth through future missions, could reveal insights into the potential existence of past life on the red planet.
NASA Administrator Bill Nelson acknowledged the conclusion of Ingenuity's historic journey, praising its accomplishments and highlighting its contribution to paving the way for future flight exploration within our solar system. Despite its initial five-flight plan, Ingenuity far exceeded expectations, flying 14 times farther and 33 times longer than anticipated, accumulating over 2 hours of flight time.
Laurie Leshin, director of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, emphasized the groundbreaking nature of Ingenuity's achievements and the innovative spirit at NASA JPL, expressing pride in the team's historic technological accomplishment and anticipating future advancements in their endeavors.
READ ALSO: NASA Loses Contact With Ingenuity Mars Helicopter During Its 72nd Flight
What Happened During Ingenuity's Last Flight
Scheduled for a brief vertical hop on January 18 to help the mission team locate its position, Ingenuity encountered an emergency landing during its 71st flight.
Despite this setback, the autonomous helicopter completed a total of 72 flights over three years, amassing around 129 minutes of flight time in the Martian atmosphere. Its final flight involved ascending 40 feet, hovering for 4.5 seconds, and descending at a rate of 3.3 feet per second.
During the descent of its 72nd flight, Ingenuity was at a height of 3 feet above the Martian surface when communication between the helicopter and the mission team was lost. At that time, the helicopter ceased transmitting data to the rover.
Ingenuity relies on Perseverance as a communication relay, lacking the capability to independently send or receive data to Earth. Although communication was restored the following day, subsequent images revealed irreparable damage to at least one rotor blade, concluding Ingenuity's extended mission.
The team is actively investigating the cause of the communication blackout and the helicopter's orientation during landing, with speculation that a rotor blade may have struck the ground. Final tests, data retrieval, and image downloads are underway, but the rover's current distance prevents capturing images of Ingenuity.
Ingenuity's legacy as the first Mars aircraft has inspired future missions, including plans for two similar helicopters to aid in retrieving rock samples collected by Perseverance. Ingenuity's project manager, Teddy Tzanetos, emphasized its historic significance, foreseeing a lasting impact on space exploration with fleets of aircraft on Mars and beyond.
RELATED ARTICLE: Ingenuity Rises Again: NASA Regains Communication with Mars Helicopter After Nerve-Wracking Outage
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